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- GERMANY, Page 44Refractions from the Sins of the Fathers
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- By MICHAEL BLUMENTHAL
-
- Michael Blumenthal is a poet and novelist whose most recent
- book is The Wages of Goodness (1992). He lectures at Harvard
- University and is currently a Fulbright fellow in Budapest.
-
- For the son of German-Jewish refugees who escaped, by the
- skin of their teeth and the vicissitudes of luck, the ravages of
- the Nazi Holocaust, it is easy -- a bit too easy, I suspect --
- to feel an almost visceral dislike for the Germans, to be
- unwilling, in matters moral, to ever give them the benefit of
- the doubt. After all, it was not merely a handful but millions
- of Germans who at least part-knowingly acquiesced in what still
- seems the unspeakable: the organized, systematic gassing and
- torture of 11 million innocent Jews, Gypsies and others that
- have left scars that may take all of remaining human history to
- heal, and memories that ought never be erased.
-
- So the Germans, either justly or unjustly, are held to a
- higher burden of proof when moral and racial matters, such as
- the current treatment and status of Germany's estimated 1.4
- million refugees, are at stake. And though the sins of the
- fathers are, rightfully or wrongly, visited upon the sons, it is
- also a fact that the victimization of the fathers may lead to
- a certain moral blind spot in the sons. So, in judging the
- present emotion-filled crisis of the refugee presence in
- Germany, it seems to me all the more necessary to strive for an
- evenhandedness and objectivity in our judgment, lest yet
- another tragic lesson of history be re-enacted in our time --
- namely, that all ethnic and religious hatreds and tragedies
- perpetuate and reinforce one another.
-
- Whether the "new" generation of Germans -- those who by the
- mere fact of their postwar birth cannot in any way be held
- responsible for the sins of their ancestors -- deserve to be
- held to a different standard than the rest of us is, no doubt, a
- question best answered by moral philosophers and theologians.
- For myself, an affirmative answer would once again apply the
- kind of racial double standard that has time and again led to
- tragedy. For it is morally simplistic, if at times inviting, to
- use the irreparability of the German crimes of the Nazi era as a
- justification for dismissing whatever efforts individual Germans
- may be making at reparation and repentance today. (How much more
- moral, we might ask, were America's sins of slavery, and how
- adequate have our own efforts to "repair" them been?) There is
- a certain easy solace, I fear, in labeling one crime as
- history's worst, one people as history's most egregious
- villains. It allows the rest of us, by implication, to be
- subjected to a lower standard of morality, to enjoy an easier
- sleep.
-
- So it is useful, I think, to cast a "cold eye" on
- contemporary Germany's record vis-a-vis Gypsies and others
- before we judge it too harshly, to understand where Germany and
- most contemporary Germans -- for example, the 350,000 who
- recently marched against racism in Berlin -- stand before we
- pronounce our easy and self-righteous j'accuse. We might
- remember, for example, that the German constitution has for
- decades included one of the most liberal and generous policies
- toward political asylum seekers anywhere in the world.
-
- That policy has guaranteed to all who merely utter the word
- Asyl, or asylum, on German soil (expected to reach 500,000 by
- the end of this year alone) the right to be sheltered and fed
- during the months, and sometimes years, while their cases are
- reviewed. We might consider that in any nation with more than
- 50% of the labor force suffering some sort of "voluntary" or
- involuntary unemployment, as is the case in what was formerly
- East Germany, the presence of so many unemployed refugees,
- supported at government expense, would be the target of economic
- unrest and accumulated rage. We should remember that for every
- anarchic German throwing eggs and tomatoes and paint bombs at
- President Richard von Weizsacker the other week, there were
- thousands more standing up -- rather than by, as they did during
- the Nazi era -- to proclaim their shame at their country's past
- and their repugnance for this particular aspect of its present.
-
- We should look at all this before -- in our haste to
- condemn the Germans and relieve ourselves of our own moral
- burdens -- the sins of the fathers now become, in the utmost of
- ironies, the sins of someone else's sons.
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